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  1. Always read the label
  2. Voltaren Emulgel Package Insert 2020

Types of Pain

  1. “What is Pain/Types of Pain Treated” Johns Hopkins Medicine. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/pain/blaustein_pain_center/patient_care/what_is_pain.html Accessed on 15 May 2020
  2. A classification of chronic pain for ICD-11 Pain. 2015 June https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4450869/ Accessed 15 May 2020
  3. “The difference between acute and chronic pain.” The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine 1991 May. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1875958 Accessed 15 May 2020
  4. “Short- and Long-term Health Consequences of Sleep Disruption.” Nat Sci Sleep. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5449130/ Date accessed: 22 Apr 20
  5. “Anatomy of the Hip” Arthritis Foundation. https://www.arthritis.org/health-wellness/about-arthritis/where-it-hurts/anatomy-of-the-hip Accessed on 15 May 2020
  6. “8 Non-Invasive Pain Relief Techniques That Really Work.” Harvard Health Publishing HMS https://www.health.harvard.edu/pain/8-non-invasive-pain-relief-techniques-that-really-work Date accessed: 8 Mar 2020

Acute Pain

  1. Acute pain treatment. JAMA Network https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/194526 Accessed May 2020
  2. Pain assessment. Medscape. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1948069-overview#showall, accessed May 2018
  3. Acute vs chronic pain. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/12051-acute-vs-chronicpain Accessed May 2020
  4. A classification of chronic pain for ICD-11 Pain. 2015 June https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4450869/ Accessed 15 May 2020
  5. “The difference between acute and chronic pain.” The Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine 1991 May. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1875958 Accessed 15 May 2020
  6. Overview of pain. MSD Manual Professional Version. https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-gb/professional/neurologic-disorders/pain/overview-of-pain, accessed May 2018
  7. Ibid.
  8. Ibid.

Chronic Pain

  1. Mills SE, Nicolson KP, Smith BH. Chronic pain: a review of its epidemiology and associated factors in population-based studies. British journal of anaesthesia. 2019 Aug 1;123(2):e273-83./ Accessed Jan-2023
  2. “Chronic pain and the health of populations” Boston University School of Public Health. https://www.bu.edu/sph/2017/09/24/chronic-pain-and-the-health-of-populations/ Accessed May 2020
  3. Global Pain Index 2017 p19
  4. Global pain index 2020 p7
  5. Cohen SP, Vase L, Hooten WM. Chronic pain: an update on burden, best practices, and new advances. The Lancet. 2021 May 29;397(10289):2082-97./Accessed Jan-2023
  6. “What is Chronic Pain?” WebMD https://www.webmd.com/pain-management/guide/understanding-painmanagement-chronic-pain#1 Accessed June 2020
  7. “Insomnia Co-Occurring with Chronic Pain: Clinical Features, Interaction, Assessments and Possible Interventions” Reviews in Pain. 2008 Sept https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4589931/ Accessed on May 2020
  8. “What is Chronic Pain?” WebMD https://www.webmd.com/pain-management/guide/understanding-painmanagement-chronic-pain#1 Accessed June 2020
  9. “What Causes Chronic Pain?” Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/chronic-pain Accessed June 2020
  10. “What Causes Chronic Pain?” Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/chronic-pain Accessed June 2020
  11. Ibid.
  12. Hannibal KE et al. Chronic stress, cortisol dysfunction, and pain: A psychoneuroendocrine rationale for stress management in pain rehabilitation. Phys Ther 2014; 94(12):1816-25. https://academic.oup.com/ptj/article /94/12/1816/2741907. doi: 10.2522/ptj.20130597.
  13. Ibid.
  14. “Insomnia Co-Occurring with Chronic Pain: Clinical Features, Interaction, Assessments and Possible Interventions” Reviews in Pain. 2008 Sept https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4589931/ Accessed on May 2020
  15. Chronic pain syndrome treatment & management. Medscape. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/310834-treatment#showall, accessed May 2018
  16. TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation) NHS Choices. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/transcutaneous-electrical-nerve-stimulation-tens/, accessed May 2018
  17. “The pain-relieving qualities of exercise in knee osteoarthritis” Open Access Rheumatol NIH 2013. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5074793/ Accessed on 24 April 2020
  18. “Exercise and chronic disease: Get the facts” Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthylifestyle/fitness/in-depth/exercise-and-chronic-disease/art-20046049 Accessed on 01Apr2020
  19. “The importance of stretching” Harvard Health Publishing, Harvard Medical School. https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/the-importance-of-stretching Accessed June 2020

Different Types of Pain and How to Talk About Them

  1. ‘IASP announces revised definition of pain’. IASP Pain https://www.iasp-pain.org/publications/iasp-news/iasp-announces-revised-definition-of-pain/ Accessed 11th October 2022
  2. ‘How Does The Nervous System Work?’, Informed Health, NIH https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279390/ Accessed 11.10.22
  3. ‘Preserve Your Muscle Mass’ www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/preserve-your-muscle-mass Accessed 11.10.22
  4. ‘Osteoarthritis’, The Cleveland Clinic, https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/5599-osteoarthritis-what-you-need-to-know Accessed 11.10.22
  5. Global Pain Index 2017
  6. ‘A classification of chronic pain’, Pain https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4450869/ Accessed 11.10.22
  7. ‘Advances in understanding nociception and neuropathic pain’, Ewan St John Smith. Journey of Neurology. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5808094/ Accessed 11.10.22
  8. ‘What is this thing called pain?’ Clifford J Woolf. JCI. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2965006/ Accessed 11.10.22
  9. ‘What is this thing called pain?’ Clifford J Woolf. JCI. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2965006/ Accessed 11.10.22
  10. ‘What is this thing called pain?’ Clifford J Woolf. JCI. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2965006/ Accessed 11.10.22
  11. ‘What is this thing called pain?’ Clifford J Woolf. JCI. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2965006/ Accessed 11.10.22

Back Pain and Posture

  1. Kim SH, Yun SJ, Dang QK, Chee Y, Chung SG, Oh BM, Kim K, Seo HG. Measurement and Correction of Stooped Posture during Gait Using Wearable Sensors in Patients with Parkinsonism: A Preliminary Study. Sensors. 2021 Mar 30;21(7):2379.
  2. ‘3 surprising risks of poor posture’, Harvard Health Publishing. https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/3-surprising-risks-of-poor-posture Accessed 18th August 2022
  3. ‘How to improve your posture’, HealthDirect https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/how-toimprove-your-posture Accessed 18th August 2022
  4. “What Is Posture?” Sanford Health. https://news.sanfordhealth.org/orthopedics/what-isposture/ Accessed Feb. 2023
  5. “Poor Posture Hurts Your Health More Than You Realize: 3 Tips for Fixing It” Health Essentials, Cleveland Clinic. https://health.clevelandclinic.org/poor-posture-hurts-your-health-more-thanyou-realize-3-tips-for-fixing-it/ Accessed Feb. 2023
  6. “Is Poor Posture Causing Your Back Pain?” Spine-health. https://www.spinehealth.com/blog/poor-posture-causing-your-back-pain Accessed Feb. 2023
  7. Is Poor Posture Causing Your Back Pain?” Spine-health. https://www.spinehealth.com/blog/poor-posture-causing-your-back-pain Accessed Feb. 2023
  8. “Back Health and Posture” Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/4485-back-health-and-posture Accessed Feb. 2023
  9. Poor Posture Hurts Your Health More Than You Realize: 3 Tips for Fixing It” Health Essentials, Cleveland Clinic. https://health.clevelandclinic.org/poor-posture-hurts-your-health-more-thanyou-realize-3-tips-for-fixing-it/ Accessed Feb. 2023
  10. Back Health and Posture” Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/4485-back-health-and-posture Accessed Feb 2023
  11. “Back Health and Posture” Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/4485-back-health-and-posture Accessed Feb 2023

Pain Management: Guidelines, Techniques and Goals

  1. “Establishing pain relief goals” UW Health Pain Care Services. https://healthtalk.org/chronic-pain/pain-management-pacing-and-goal-setting Accessed on 20 May 2020
  2. Pain in times of stress” Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences 2015 Dec https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4795524/ Accessed on 9th June 2020
  3. “The association of sleep and pain: An update and a path forward” Journal of Pain 2013 Dec. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4046588/ Accessed on 20 May 2020
  4. “The association of sleep and pain: An update and a path forward” Journal of Pain 2013 Dec. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4046588/ Accessed on 20 May 2020
  5. How to get NHS Help for your Pain https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/healthy-body/how-to-get-nhs-help-for-your-pain/ Accessed on 23.04.20
  6. Acupuncture https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/acupuncture/ 23.04.20
  7. “Patient stories and goals for managing pain” Brigham and Women’s Hospital. https://www.brighamandwomens.org/anesthesiology-and-pain-medicine/pain-management-center/patient-goals Accessed on 20 May 2020

Why is Exercise Good for You?

  1. “Exercise and chronic disease: Get the facts” Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/in-depth/exercise-and-chronic-disease/art-20046049 Accessed on 01Apr2020
  2. Depression and Exercise: a Clinical Review and Management Guideline” Asian J Sports Med 2015 NIH. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4592762/ Accessed on 25 Apr 2020
  3. UK Chief Medical Officers’ Guidelines 2011 Start Active, Stay Active. https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/541233/Physical_activity_infographic.PDF Accessed on 02.02.2018. World Health Organisation (WHO) Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity & Health. http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/pa/en/ Accessed on 02.02.2018.
  4. “Why weight matters when it comes to joint pain” Harvard Health Publishing, Harvard Medical School. https://www.health.harvard.edu/pain/why-weight-matters-when-it-comes-to-joint-pain Accessed on 24 April 2020
  5. “Regular exercise changes the brain to improve memory, thinking skills” Harvard Health Publishing, Harvard Medical School. https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/regular-exercise-changes-brain-improve-memory-thinking-skills-201404097110 Accessed on 01Apr2020
  6. “The Effectiveness of Physical Exercise on Bone Density in Osteoporotic Patients” BioMed Research International 2018. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6323511/ Accessed on 01 Apr 2020
  7. “The pain-relieving qualities of exercise in knee osteoarthritis” Open Access Rheumatol NIH 2013. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5074793/ Accessed on 24 April 2020
  8. “Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity, and Health” World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/factsheet_adults/en/ Accessed on 15 May 2020

Weight Management for Pain Relief

  1. Emerson NM, Nahman-Averbuch H, Peugh JL, Coghill RC. Pain sensitivity does not differ between obese and healthy weight individuals. Pain reports. 2021 Sep;6(3). Accessed Jan 2023
  2. Obesity statistics. House of Commons Library. https://commonslibrary.parliament.uk/research-briefings/sn03336/ Accessed June 2020
  3. “The association between chronic pain and obesity” Journal of Pain Research 2015 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4508090/ Accessed June 2020
  4. Ibid.
  5. Peltonen M, Lindroos AK, Torgerson JS. Musculoskeletal pain in the obese: A comparison with a general population and long-term changes after conventional and surgical obesity treatment. Pain. 2003;104(3):549-557. From https://www.practicalpainmanagement.com/treatments/complementary/help-patients-achieve-diet-weight-goals-manage-pain Accessed June 2020
  6. Ibid.
  7. “Relationships Between Weight, Physical Activity, and Back Pain in Young Adult Women” Medicine (Baltimore) 2016 May. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4902476/ Accessed June 2020
  8. Ouchi N, Parker JL, Lugus JJ, Walsh K. Adipokines in inflammation and metabolic disease. Nat Rev Immunol. 2011;11(2):85-97. From https://www.practicalpainmanagement.com/treatments/complementary/help-patients-achieve-diet-weight-goals-manage-pain Accessed June 2020
  9. Ellulu MS, Patimah I, Khaza’ai H, Rahmat A, Abed Y. Obesity and inflammation: the linking mechanism and the complications. Archives of medical science. 2017 Jun 4;13(4):851-63. Accessed Jan 2023
  10. Das V. An introduction to pain pathways and pain “targets”. Progress in molecular biology and translational science. 2015 Jan 1;131:1-30.Accessed Jan 2023
  11. King LK, March L, Anandacoomarasamy A. Obesity & osteoarthritis. The Indian journal of medical research. 2013 Aug;138(2):185. Accessed Jan 2023
  12. Messier SP, Gutekunst DJ, Davis C, DeVita P. Weight loss reduces knee-joint loads in overweight and obese older adults with knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2005;52(7):2026-2032. From https://www.practicalpainmanagement.com/treatments/complementary/help-patients-achieve-diet-weight-goalsmanage-pain Accessed June 2020

Cardio Exercises to do at Home

  1. Exercise. NHS. https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/exercise/. Accessed 11/06/2020.
  2. Get active your way. NHS. https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/exercise/get-active-your-way/ Accessed 22/09/2020
  3. Why we should sit less. NHS. https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/exercise/why-sitting-too-much-is-bad-for-us/. Accessed 11/06/2020
  4. Benefits of exercise. NHS. https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/exercise/exercise-health-benefits/. Accessed 11/06/2020.
  5. Why we should sit less. NHS. https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/exercise/why-sitting-too-much-is-bad-for-us/. Accessed 11/06/2020.
  6. Benefits of exercise. NHS. https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/exercise/exercise-health-benefits/. Accessed 11/06/2020.
  7. “The association between chronic pain and obesity” Journal of Pain Research 2015 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4508090/ Accessed June 2020
  8. “Relationships Between Weight, Physical Activity, and Back Pain in Young Adult Women” Medicine (Baltimore) 2016 May. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4902476/ Accessed June 2020
  9. Exercise. NHS. https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/exercise/. Accessed 11/06/2020.
  10. Types of exercise. NHS inform. https://www.nhsinform.scot/healthy-living/keeping-active/getting-started/types-of-exercise. Accessed 11/06/2020.
  11. How to warm up before exercising. NHS. https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/exercise/how-to-warm-up-before-exercising/. Accessed 11/06/2020.

Yoga for Back Pain

  1. Don’t take back pain sitting down. Harvard Medical School. https://www.health.harvard.edu/pain/dont-take-back-pain-sitting-down Accessed on 23/09/2020.
  2. Back problems. NHS Inform Scotland. https://www.nhsinform.scot/illnesses-and-conditions/muscle-bone-and-joints/self-management-advice/back-problems. Accessed 08/06/20.
  3. Back pain. NHS. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/back-pain/. Accessed 08/06/20.
  4. A guide to yoga. NHS. https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/exercise/guide-to-yoga/. Accessed 08/06/20.
  5. Yoga. British Heart Foundation. https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-magazine/activity/yoga. Accessed 08/06/20.
  6. Benefits of yoga. American Osteopathic Association. https://osteopathic.org/what-is-osteopathic-medicine/benefits-of-yoga/.Accessed 08/06/20.
  7. The effect of deep and slow breathing on pain perception, autonomic activity, and mood processing – an experimental study. National Library of Medicine, NIH UK https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21939499/ Accessed on 23/09/2020
  8. 5 Simples yoga poses for back pain. Spine Universe. https://www.spineuniverse.com/wellness/exercise/5-simple-yogaposes-back-pain?page=5#top. Accessed 09/06/20.
  9. Cobra pose. Yoga Journal. https://www.yogajournal.com/poses/cobra-pose. Accessed 09/06/20.
  10. 5 Simples yoga poses for back pain. Spine Universe. https://www.spineuniverse.com/wellness/exercise/5-simple-yogaposes-back-pain?page=5#top. Accessed 09/06/20.
  11. Back pain. NHS. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/back-pain/. Accessed 08/06/20.

How to Get Rid of Neck Pain from Sleeping Wrong

  1. “Why Are You Waking Up with Neck Pain, and What Can You Do About It?” Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/neck-pain/waking-up-with-neck-pain Accessed Nov 2020
  2. “The Best Sleeping Positions for Your Neck and Spine” Orthopaedic Associates of St Augustine. https://www.oastaug.com/the-best-sleeping-positions-for-your-neck-and-spine/ Accessed Nov 2020
  3. “Say ‘Good Night’ to Neck Pain” Harvard Health Publishing, Harvard Medical School. https://www.health.harvard.edu/pain/say-good-night-to-neck-pain Accessed August 2020
  4. “Say ‘Good Night’ to Neck Pain” Harvard Health Publishing, Harvard Medical School. https://www.health.harvard.edu/pain/say-good-night-to-neck-pain Accessed August 2020
  5. “Stiff Neck Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment” Spine-Health https://www.spine-health.com/conditions/neck-pain/stiff-neck-causes-symptoms-and-treatment Accessed August 2020
  6. “Pinched Nerve” Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pinched-nerve/symptoms-causes/syc-20354746 Accessed August 2020
  7. “Types of Massage” Arthritis Foundation. https://www.arthritis.org/health-wellness/treatment/complementary-therapies/natural-therapies/types-of-massage Accessed Nov 2020
  8. “Neck Pain” Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/neck-pain/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20375587 Accessed August 2020
  9. *Voltaren Emulgel 1.16% in neck pain vs placebo; Predel HG, et al. Efficacy and safety of diclofenac diethylamine 1.16% gel in acute neck pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disord 2013;14:250.
  10. “Pillows for Neck Pain” Spine Health https://www.spine-health.com/wellness/sleep/pillows-neck-pain Accessed Nov 2020
  11. “Say ‘Good Night’ to Neck Pain” Harvard Health Publishing, Harvard Medical School. https://www.health.harvard.edu/pain/say-good-night-to-neck-pain Accessed August 2020

Learn about Back Pain

  1. “The Global Spine Care Initiative: A Summary of the Global Burden of Low Back and Neck Pain Studies” The European Spine Journal. 2018 Sept. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29480409/ Accessed June 2020
  2. GSK Global Pain Index Research 2018 - full report, p. 16
  3. GSK Global Pain Index Research 2018 - full report, p. 30
  4. “Cauda Equina Syndrome” American Association of Neurological Surgeons. https://www.aans.org/en/Patients/Neurosurgical-Conditions-and-Treatments/Cauda-Equina-Syndrome Accessed July 2020
  5. “Back pain” The Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/back-pain/symptomscauses/syc-20369906 Accessed June 2020
  6. “A Systematic Review of the Effects of Exercise and Physical Activity on Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain” Health Care (Basel). 2016 June https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4934575/ Accessed June 2020
  7. “What is back pain?” Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/back-pain#causes Accessed June 2020
  8. “Back pain” The Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/back-pain/symptomscauses/syc-20369906 Accessed June 2020
  9. “Association Between Smoking and Back Pain in a Cross-Section of Adult Americans” Cureus. 26 Sept 2016 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5081254/ Accessed June 2020
  10. Ibid.
  11. “Why it’s so hard to quit smoking” American Heart Association News. https://www.heart.org/en/news/2018/10/17/why-its-so-hard-to-quit-smoking Accessed July 2020
  12. “The psychology of low back pain” Harvard Health Publishing, Harvard Medical School. https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/psychology-low-back-pain-201604259537 Accessed on May 2020

Back Pain Treatment

  1. “The Global Spine Care Initiative: A Summary of the Global Burden of Low Back and Neck Pain Studies” The European Spine Journal. 2018 Sept. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29480409/ Accessed June 2020
  2. GSK Global Pain Index Research 2018 - full report, p. 16
  3. “Back pain” The Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/back-pain/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369911 Accessed June 2020
  4. “Back pain” The Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/back-pain/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369911 Accessed June 2020
  5. “Stretching and strengthening are key to healing and preventing back pain” Harvard Health Publishing, Harvard Medical School. https://www.health.harvard.edu/healthbeat/stretching-and-strengthening-are-key-to-healing-and-preventing-back-pain Accessed June 2020
  6. Brumagne S, Janssens L, Janssens E, Goddyn L. Altered postural control in anticipation of postural instability in persons with recurrent low back pain. Gait Posture. 2008;28(4):657–662. Via https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0966636208001100 Accessed June 2020
  7. “A Systematic Review of the Effects of Exercise and Physical Activity on Non-Specific Chronic Low Back Pain” Health Care (Basel). 2016 June https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4934575/ Accessed June 2020
  8. Predel 2013 *Pain on movement in acute neck pain in Voltaren gels **Pain at rest in acute neck pain

Learn about Joint Pain

  1. “Joint Pain” NHS. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/joint-pain/ Date accessed: 01 Apr 2020
  2. NICE: National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions. Osteoarthritis: national clinical guideline for care and management in adults. London: Royal College of Physicians, 2014
  3. “Joint Pain” NHS. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/joint-pain/ Date accessed: 01 Apr 2020
  4. ‘Tendonitis’ NHS https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/tendonitis/ Date accessed : 9th June 2020
  5. “Joint Pain” NHS. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/joint-pain/ Date accessed: 01 Apr 2020
  6. “Joint Pain” NHS. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/joint-pain/ Date accessed: 01 Apr 2020.
  7. “Is There a Test for Arthritis?” NIH National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/arthritis#tab-diagnosis Date accessed: 01 Apr 2020

Joint Pain Treatment

  1. Global Pain Index 2017 p6
  2. Global Pain Index 2017 p13
  3. Arthritis” Center for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/chronicdisease/resources/publications/factsheets/arthritis.htm?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fchronicdisease%2Fresources%2Fpublications%2Faag%2Farthritis.htm Accessed 9 Mar 2020.
  4. “Molecular mechanisms of inflammation. Anti-inflammatory benefits of virgin olive oil and the phenolic compound oleocanthal.” NIH. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21443487 Accessed 9 Mar 2020
  5. “Role of curcumin in systemic and oral health: An overview” NIH https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3633300/ Accessed 9 Mar 2020

Learn about Knee Pain

  1. GSK Global Pain Index Research 2018 - full report, p. 16
  2. “Sleep Disturbance in Osteoarthritis: Linkages with Pain, Disability and Depressive Symptoms.” National Institutes of Health. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4342277/ Accessed 9 Mar 2020
  3. “Sleep Disturbance in Osteoarthritis: Linkages with Pain, Disability and Depressive Symptoms.” National Institutes of Health. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4342277/ Accessed 9 Mar 2020.
  4. Knee (Human Anatomy): Images, Function, Ligaments, Muscles. 2017. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/knee-pain/picture-of-the-knee [Accessed: 4 December 2018]

Knee Pain Treatment

  1. “Arthritis” Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Link Accessed 9 Mar 2020.
  2. “Arthritis” Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Link Accessed 9 Mar 2020.
  3. “Jones et al. Nonsurgical management of knee pain in adults. Am fam phy. 2015 Nov 15;92(10):875-83.”
  4. “Molecular mechanisms of inflammation. Anti-inflammatory benefits of virgin olive oil and the phenolic compound oleocanthal.” NIH. Link Accessed 9 Mar 2020
  5. “Role of curcumin in systemic and oral health: An overview” NIH Link Accessed 9 Mar 2020
  6. “Efficacy and safety of ginger in osteoarthritis patients: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials”. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage Vol 23 Issue 1 Link Accessed 9 Mar 2020
  7. “Knee Pain, Mayo Clinic. Available at: Link

Learn about Shoulder Pain

  1. “Shoulder Pain” NHS https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/shoulder-pain/ Accessed Nov 2020
  2. “Shoulder Pain and Common Shoulder Problems” OrthoInfo, American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/shoulder-pain-and-common-shoulder-problems/ Accessed Nov 2020
  3. “Shoulder-hand syndrome after stroke. A complex regional pain syndrome”. NIH National Centre for Biotechnology Information. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16474282/ Accessed Nov 2020
  4. “Shoulder Pain” NHS https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/shoulder-pain/ Accessed Nov 2020

Shoulder Pain Treatment

  1. “Shoulder Pain” Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/shoulder-pain/basics/definition/sym-20050696 Accessed Nov 2020
  2. “Shoulder Pain” NHS https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/shoulder-pain/ Accessed Nov 2020
  3. What is the RICE method for injuries? Medical News Today https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321469#proper-method Accessed 12th January 2021
  4. Shoulder Pain, University of Florida Health https://ufhealth.org/shoulder-pain Accessed 15th January 2021
  5. 1.16% and 2.32% Voltaren Emulgel formulations included in the review
  6. Indirect comparison based on clinical data with each active treatment vs placebo gel in studies of patients with acute pain resulting from strains, sprains or sports or overuse-type injuries, treatment length 7 days.
  7. Based on meta-analytic estimates of the number of patients per 1000 receiving clinical benefit with Voltaren Emulgel (≥50% reduction of pain) and other topical NSAIDs (clinical benefit: ≥50% reduction of pain; none or slight pain on movement) minus those benefiting from placebo gel.
  8. Heat rubs/salicylate-containing rubefacients mainly act on the skin surface causing irritation, Voltaren contains an anti-inflammatory medicine.
  9. Pain on movement in acute neck pain
  10. Pain at rest in acute neck pain.
  11. Reduces pain on movement associated with neck pain 2x faster than placebo
  12. In acute neck pain
  13. Predel HG, et al. Efficacy and safety of diclofenac diethylamine 1.16% gel in acute neck pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disord 2013;14:250.

Learn about Neck Pain

  1. “Neck Pain” Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/neck-pain/symptoms-causes/syc-20375581 Accessed Nov 2020
  2. “Neck Pain Symptoms” Spine-health. https://www.spine-health.com/conditions/neck-pain/neck-pain-symptoms Accessed Nov 2020
  3. “When to Worry About Neck Pain and When Not To” Pain Science. https://www.painscience.com/articles/when-to-worry-about-neck-pain-and-when-not-to.php Accessed August 2020
  4. “Neck Pain” Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/neck-pain/symptoms-causes/syc-20375581 Accessed August 2020
  5. “Neck Pain: Possible Causes and How to Treat It” Healthline https://www.healthline.com/health/neck-pain Accessed Nov 2020
  6. “Neck Pain Causes” Spine-health https://www.spine-health.com/conditions/neck-pain/neck-pain-causes Accessed Nov 2020
  7. “Neck Pain” Mayo Clinic https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/neck-pain/symptoms-causes/syc-20375581 Accessed August 2020
  8. “Association of Depression/Anxiety Symptoms with Neck Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Literature in China” Pain Research and Management. 2018. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6176305/ Accessed August 2020
  9. “Flexibility Exercises” NHS https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/exercise/flexibility-exercises/ Accessed Nov 2020
  10. “7 Ways to Alleviate Pain in Your Neck from Stress” Spine and Orthopedic Center https://www.spineorthocenter.com/7-ways-alleviate-pain-neck-fromstress/#:~:text=Neck%20pain%20is%20a%20common,our%20muscles%20can%20tense%20up Accessed Nov 2020
  11. “Common Posture Mistakes and Fixes” NHS. https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/exercise/common-posturemistakes-and-fixes/ Accessed Nov 2020
  12. “Say ‘Good Night’ to Neck Pain” Harvard Health Publishing, Harvard Medical School. https://www.health.harvard.edu/pain/say-good-night-to-neck-pain Accessed Nov 2020
  13. “Flexibility Exercises” NHS https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/exercise/flexibility-exercises/ Accessed Nov 2020

Neck Pain Treatment

  1. Neck Pain Causes. Spine Health.com. https://www.spine-health.com/conditions/neck-pain/neck-pain-causes Accessed 3rd December 2020
  2. How to soothe a sore neck. Harvard Medical School https://www.health.harvard.edu/pain/how-to-soothe-a-sore-neck Accessed 3rd December 2020
  3. Pain at rest in acute neck pain ; Predel HG, et al. Efficacy and safety of diclofenac diethylamine 1.16% gel in acute neck pain: arandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disord 2013;14:250
  4. Neck Pain, Versus Arthritis. https://www.versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/conditions/neck-pain/ Accessed 3rd December 2020
  5. Neck Pain, Versus Arthritis. https://www.versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/conditions/neck-pain/ Accessed 3rd December 2020
  6. “Neck Pain” Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/neck-pain/diagnosistreatment/drc-20375587 Accessed August 2020
  7. How to soothe a sore neck. Harvard Medical School https://www.health.harvard.edu/pain/how-to-soothe-a-sore-neck Accessed 3rd December 2020
  8. “Neck Pain” Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/neck-pain/diagnosistreatment/drc-20375587 Accessed August 2020
  9. “Muscle Strains” Healthline. https://www.healthline.com/health/strains#causes Accessed August 2020
  10. How to soothe a sore neck. Harvard Medical School https://www.health.harvard.edu/pain/how-to-soothe-a-sore-neck Accessed 3rd December 2020
  11. How to soothe a sore neck. Harvard Medical School https://www.health.harvard.edu/pain/how-to-soothe-a-sore-neck Accessed 3rd December 2020
  12. “How Poor Posture Causes Neck Pain” Spine-Health https://www.spine-health.com/conditions/neck-pain/how-poor-posture-causes-neck-pain Accessed August 2020
  13. “6 Ways to Ease Neck Pain” Harvard Health Publishing, Harvard Medical School https://www.health.harvard.edu/pain/6-ways-to-ease-neck-pain Accessed August 2020
  14. “Association of Depression/Anxiety Symptoms with Neck Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Literature in China” Pain Research and Management. 2018. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6176305/ Accessed August 2020
  15. * in acute neck pain vs placebo; Predel HG, et al. Efficacy and safety of diclofenac diethylamine 1.16% gel in acute neck pain: arandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disord 2013;14:250
  16. Pain at rest in acute neck pain, * in acute neck pain vs placebo; Predel HG, et al. Efficacy and safety of diclofenac diethylamine 1.16% gel in acute neck pain: arandomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disord 2013;14:250

Find Out More about Foot & Ankle Pain

  1. GSK Global Pain Index Research 2014 – full report p.62
  2. Ibid.
  3. “3 Types of Foot and Ankle Pain You Shouldn’t Ignore” The Orthopedic Institute. https://orthopedicinstitutesf.com/3-types-of-foot-and-ankle-pain-you-shouldnt-ignore/ Accessed August 2020
  4. “Ankle Pain” Foot Health Facts https://www.foothealthfacts.org/conditions/ankle-pain Accessed Aug 2020
  5. “How Your Feet Work” Versus Arthritis https://www.versusarthritis.org/about-arthritis/conditions/foot-and-ankle-pain/ Accessed Aug 2020
  6. Foot pain. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/footpain/basics/causes/sym-20050792. Accessed 29/07/2020
  7. ‘Bunions’ Ortho-info. https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/bunions/ Accessed 11.11.2020
  8. Foot pain. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/foot-pain/basics/causes/sym-20050792. Accessed 29/07/2020.
  9. Heel pain. NHS. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/foot-pain/heel-pain/. Accessed 29/07/2020
  10. Flat feet. NHS. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/flat-feet/. Accessed 29/07/2020
  11. ‘Bunions’ Ortho-info. https://orthoinfo.aaos.org/en/diseases--conditions/bunions/ Accessed 11.11.2020
  12. Broken foot. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/broken-foot/symptomscauses/syc-20355492. Accessed 29/07/2020
  13. Ibid.
  14. Sprains and strains. NHS. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/sprains-and-strains/. Accessed 29/07/2020
  15. Broken foot. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/broken-foot/symptomscauses/syc-20355492. Accessed 29/07/2020
  16. Stress fractures. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stress-fractures/symptomscauses/syc-20354057. Accessed 29/07/2020
  17. Broken foot. Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/broken-foot/symptomscauses/syc-20355492. Accessed 29/07/2020
  18. “Obesity and Fracture Risk” Clinical Cases in Mineral and Bone Metabolism. 2014 Jan-Apr https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4064448/ Accessed August 2020
  19. “Bursitis” Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bursitis/symptoms-causes/syc-20353242 Date accessed: 01 Apr 2020
  20. Foot and Ankle Tendonitis and Bursitis, The Christ Hospital Health Network. https://www.thechristhospital.com/services/joint-and-spine/your-care-and-treatment/foot-and-ankle/tendonitis-and-bursitis Accessed 11.11.2020
  21. Heel pain. NHS. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/foot-pain/heel-pain/. Accessed 29/07/2020.
  22. Flat feet. NHS. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/flat-feet/. Accessed 29/07/2020
  23. Foot and Ankle Tendonitis and Bursitis, The Christ Hospital Health Network. https://www.thechristhospital.com/services/joint-and-spine/your-care-and-treatment/foot-and-ankle/tendonitis-and-bursitis Accessed 11.11.2020
  24. Flat feet. NHS. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/flat-feet/. Accessed 29/07/2020.
  25. Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation (RICE), Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan. https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/tw4354spec#:~:text=As%20soon%20as%20possible%20after,the%20injured%20or%20sore%20area Accessed 11.11.2020.

Explaining Muscle Pain

  1. Muscle Pain: Possible Causes, Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/17669-muscle-pain/possible-causes Accessed Nov 2020
  2. Causes of Muscle Pain and Treatment Options, Verywell Health https://www.verywellhealth.com/musclepain-what-you-should-know-190093#when-to-see-a-doctor Accessed Nov 2020
  3. Muscle Pain: Possible Causes, Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/17669-muscle-pain/possible-causes Accessed Nov 2020
  4. “Dehydration and Symptoms of Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness in Normothermic Men” Journal of Athletic Training, 2006. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1421497/ Accessed Nov 2020
  5. “The association of sleep and pain: An update and a path forward” Journal of Pain, 2013 Dec. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4046588/ Accessed Nov 2020
  6. “Statin Intolerance Because of Myalgia, Myositis, Myopathy, or Myonecrosis Can in Most Cases be Safely Resolved by Vitamin D Supplementation.” North American Journal of Medical Sciences, 2015 Mar https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4382771/ Accessed Nov 2020
  7. “Overview of Anemia” Merck Manuals https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/blooddisorders/anemia/overview-of-anemia Accessed Nov 2020

Learn about Conmmon Injuries

  1. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases: http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Sports_Injuries/sports_injuries_ff.asp
  2. U.S. National Library of Medicine: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/sprainsandstrains.html
  3. Fast Facts About Sports Injuries. 2016. Fast Facts About Sports Injuries. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Sports_Injuries/sports_injuries_ff.asp. [Accessed 18 April 2016].
  4. GSK Global Pain Index Full Report 2016
  5. Safe Work Australia: http://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/sites/SWA/about/Publications/Documents/705/Australian_workrelated_injury_experience_by_sex_and_age_2009-10.PDF
  6. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00327
  7. The Most Common Injuries and Causes of Accidents at Work. 2016. The Most Common Injuries and Causes of Accidents at Work. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.workplacesafetyadvice.co.uk/common-injuriescauses-accidents-work.html
  8. Sports injuries - Examples - NHS Choices. 2016. Sports injuries - Examples - NHS Choices. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Sportsinjuries/Pages/Symptoms.aspx.
  9. MedlinePlus. N/A. Strains and sprains. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/sprainsandstrains.html. [Accessed 03 March 16].

Learn about Wrist Pain

  1. “Possible Causes of Wrist Pain and Treatment Tips” Healthline https://www.healthline.com/health/wrist-pain#what-to-look-for Accessed Nov 2020
  2. “Raynaud’s” NHS. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/raynauds/ Accessed Jan 2021
  3. “Trigger Finger” NHS https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/trigger-finger/ Accessed Jan 2021
  4. “Wrist Pain” Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/wrist-pain/symptoms-causes/syc-20366213 Accessed Nov 2020
  5. “Carpal tunnel syndrome in pregnancy: frequency, severity, and prognosis” Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 1998 Oct https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9779685/ Accessed Nov 2020
  6. “Vitamin B12 deficiency can be sneaky, harmful” Harvard Health Publishing, HMS. https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/vitamin-b12-deficiency-can-be-sneaky-harmful-201301105780 Accessed Jan 2021
  7. “Alcoholism” HealthGrades. https://www.healthgrades.com/right-care/substance-abuse-and-addiction/alcoholism Accessed Jan 2021
  8. “Finger Pain” HealthGrades. https://www.healthgrades.com/right-care/bones-joints-and-muscles/finger-pain Accessed Jan 2021
  9. “Frostbite” Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/frostbite/symptoms-causes/syc-20372656#:~:text=Frostbite%20is%20an%20injury%20caused,is%20most%20vulnerable%20to%20frostbite. Accessed Jan 2021
  10. “Wrist Pain” Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/wrist-pain/symptoms-causes/syc-20366213 Accessed Nov 2020
  11. “Calcium and Bones” MedLine Plus. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002062.htm Accessed Nov 2020
  12. “Most Common Hand/Wrist Injuries” Beth Israel Deaconess Needham https://www.bidneedham.org/departments/orthopaedics/hand-program/most-common-hand-wrist-injuries Accessed Nov 2020

Products

  1. vs non-medicated gel (placebo) in acute neck pain

About Voltaren

  1. ibid
  2. GSK Global Pain Index Research 2018
  3. GSK Global Pain Index Research 2020

About Voltaren - More than Movement

  1. The link between depression and chronic pain: Neural Mechanisms in the Brain. National Centre for Biomedical Information https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5494581/ accessed on 28th September 2020.
  2. Michaelides A, Zis P. Depression, anxiety and acute pain: links and management challenges. Postgraduate medicine. 2019 Oct 3;131(7):438-44. Accessed Feb-2023.
  3. GSK Global Pain Index 2017
  4. Happiness, Pain Intensity, Pain interference, and distress in individuals with physical disabilities. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitiation. https://journals.lww.com/ajpmr/Abstract/2015/12000/Happiness,_Pain_Intensity,_Pain_Interference,_and.4.aspx Accessed 28th September 2020.
  5. GSK Global Pain Index 2018
  6. GSK Global Pain Index 2018
  7. GSK Global Pain Index 2018
  8. GSK Global Pain index 2018
  9. GSK Global Pain Index 2018
  10. GSK Global Pain Index 2017

Learn How Voltaren Emulgel 12 Hour Can Help You Relieve Pain

*In an in vitro study vs Voltaren Emulgel 1.16% diclofenac diethylamine

† NSAIDs pain pills

‡ Than NSAIDs pain pills

§ over 65, with hepathic/renal impairment, with high blood pressure, with gastro-intestinal issues

** NSAIDs pain pills

†† Than NSAIDs pain pills

‡‡ Vs a similar drug-free gel with regards to side effects to the skin and other organs

§§ In an in vitro study vs Voltaren Emulgel 1.16% diclofenac diethylamine

Learn How Voltaren Emulgel Can Help You Relieve Pain

* Joint/lingering back and muscle pain