References List
1. BBC Science & Nature - Human Body and Mind - Skeleton Layer. 2016. BBC Science & Nature - Human Body and Mind - Skeleton Layer. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/factfiles/spine/lumbar_vertebrae.shtml. [Accessed 20 April 2016].
2. Congenital insensitivity to pain - Genetics Home Reference. 2016. congenital insensitivity to pain - Genetics Home Reference. [ONLINE] Available at: https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/congenital-insensitivity-to-pain.
3. Differential Diagnosis: Nociceptive and Neuropathic Pain. Bruce Nelson, MD, 1 June 2006.
4. Fast Facts About Sports Injuries. 2016. Fast Facts About Sports Injuries. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Sports_Injuries/sports_injuries_ff.asp. [Accessed 18 April 2016].
5. GSK Global Pain Index Report 2014
6. GSK Global Pain Index Research 2014, report, p. 8
7. GSK Global Pain Index Research 2014, report, p. 9
8. GSK Global Pain Index Research 2014 full report, p.11
9. GSK Global Pain Index Research 2014 full report, p.20
10. GSK Global Pain Index Research 2014 – full report p. 26
11. GSK Global Pain Index Research 2014, report, p.40
12. GSK Global Pain Index Research 2014 – full report p. 47
13. GSK Global Pain Index Research 2014 – full report p. 62
14. GSK Global Pain Index Full Report 2016
15. Global Pain Index Summary Report 2014. Available: www.global-pain-index.com. Last accessed 20th April 2016.
16. Knee (Human Anatomy): Images, Function, Ligaments, Muscles. 2016. Knee (Human Anatomy): Images, Function, Ligaments, Muscles. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/knee-pain/picture-of-the-knee. [Accessed 18 April 2016].
17. MedlinePlus. N/A. Strains and sprains. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/sprainsandstrains.html. [Accessed 03 March 16].
18. MedlinePlus. N/A. Wrist pain. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003175.htm. [Accessed 03 March 16].
19. Muscle Tension, Persistent Tight Muscles, Aches, Pain Anxiety Symptoms – Anxiety Centre [ONLINE] http://www.anxietycentre.com/anxiety-symptoms/muscle-tension.shtml
20. Neck pain and stiff neck - NHS Choices. 2016. Neck pain and stiff neck - NHS Choices. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/neck-pain/Pages/Introduction.aspx.[Accessed 18 April 2016].
21. NHS Choices. 2015. Treating sports injuries. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Sports-injuries/Pages/Treatment.aspx. [Accessed 08 March 16].
22. Nicolas Hall & Company, Benchmarking the World of OTC, DB6,2016. “Voltaren is the world best-selling non-prescription topical pain reliever”
23. OrthoInfo American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2015. Foot and Ankle Conditioning Program. [ONLINE] Available at: http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/PDFs/Rehab_Foot_and_Ankle_4.pdf. [Accessed 08 March 16].
24. Principles of anatomy and physiology, eighth edition, 1996. Tortora GJ and Grabowski SR, eds. John Wiley & Sons
25. Rotator Cuff (Human Anatomy): Picture, Function, Location. 2016. Rotator Cuff (Human Anatomy): Picture, Function, Location. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.webmd.com/ pain-management/picture-of-the-rotator-cuff.
26. WebMD. N/A. Exercise to Treat Arthritis. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.webmd.com/osteoarthritis/exercise-treat-arthritis#2.
27. What is an inflammation? - National Library of Medicine - PubMed Health. 2016. What is an inflammation? - National Library of Medicine - PubMed Health. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0072482/. [Accessed 08 April 2016].
28. WHO | Physical activity. 2016. WHO | Physical activity. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs385/en/. [Accessed 20 April 2016].
29. Zacher J et al. 2008. Topical diclofenac and its role in pain and inflammation: an evidence based review. Current Medical Research & Opinion. Vol 24. No 4 (925-950).
30. U.S. Library of Medicine: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007425.htm
31. NIH U.S. National Library of Medicine: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/007425.htm
32. Veritas Health: http://www.spine-health.com/conditions/upper-back-pain/causes-upper-back-pain
33. NHS Direct Wales: http://www.nhsdirect.wales.nhs.uk/encyclopaedia/b/article/backpain/
34. Back pain - Diagnosis - NHS Choices. 2016. Back pain - Diagnosis - NHS Choices. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Back-pain/Pages/Diagnosis.aspx
35. George E. Ehrlich - World Health Organisation. 2003. Low back pain. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/priority_medicines/BP6_24LBP.pdf
36. Muscle strain: Symptoms, tests and treatment of muscle strain. 2016. Muscle strain: Symptoms, tests and treatment of muscle strain. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.webmd.boots.com/fitness-exercise/guide/muscle-strain
37. Muscle Aches – Healthline [ONLINE] http://www.healthline.com/health/muscle-aches#Causes2
38. Muscle pain Causes - Mayo Clinic . 2016. Muscle pain Causes - Mayo Clinic . [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/muscle-pain/basics/causes/sym-20050866
39. Knee pain - NHS Choices. 2016. Knee pain - NHS Choices. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/knee-pain/Pages/Introduction.aspx.
40. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Available at: http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Knee_Problems/
41. Knee Pain Causes, Treatments, Prevention. 2016. Knee Pain Causes, Treatments, Prevention. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/guide/knee-pain-overview?page=3
42. Runner's Knee: Symptoms, Pain, Causes, and Treatment. 2016. Runner's Knee: Symptoms, Pain, Causes, and Treatment. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.webmd.com/pain-management/knee-pain/runners-knee
43. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/knee-pain/basics/tests-diagnosis/con-20029534
44. Bursitis - NHS Choices. 2016. Bursitis - NHS Choices. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Bursitis/Pages/Introduction.aspx
45. What are the symptoms of neck problems? - Arthritis Research UK [ONLINE} http://www.arthritisresearchuk.org/arthritis-information/conditions/neck-pain/symptoms.aspx [accessed 04 July 2016]
46. Anxiety and Neck Pain – Calm Clinic [ONLINE] http://www.calmclinic.com/anxiety/symptoms/neck-pain [accessed 04 July 2016]
47. Voltaren Australia: http://www.voltaren.com.au/pain/neck-shoulder-pain
48. MedlinePlus. 2015. Neck Pain. [ONLINE] Available at: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003025.htm
49. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00065
50. NHS UK: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/impingement-syndrome/Pages/Impingement-syndrome.aspx
51. Frozen shoulder - NHS Choices. 2016. Frozen shoulder - NHS Choices. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Frozen-shoulder/Pages/Introduction.aspx
52. Arthritis Research UK. N/A. Exercises to manage shoulder pain. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.arthritisresearchuk.org/arthritis-information/conditions/shoulder-pain/shoulder-pain-exercises.aspx
53. Medstar Orthopaedics http://www.medstarortho.org/conditions/hand-and-elbow-conditions/
54. Finger, Hand, and Wrist Pain and Other Problems. 2016. Finger, Hand, and Wrist Pain and Other Problems. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/finger-hand-and-wrist-problems-noninjury-topic-overview.
55. Safe Work Australia: http://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/sites/SWA/about/Publications/Documents/705/Australian_work-related_injury_experience_by_sex_and_age_2009-10.PDF
56. The Most Common Injuries and Causes of Accidents at Work. 2016. The Most Common Injuries and Causes of Accidents at Work. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.workplacesafetyadvice.co.uk/common-injuriescauses-accidents-work.html
57. Sports injuries - Examples - NHS Choices. 2016. Sports injuries - Examples - NHS Choices. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Sports-injuries/Pages/Symptoms.aspx.
58. International Association for the Study of Pain http://www.iasp-pain.org/Taxonomy
59. Pain Community Centre, Cardiff University: http://www.paincommunitycentre.org/article/definition-pain
60. Encyclopaedia Britannica: http://www.britannica.com/science/inflammation
61. Arthritis Foundation: http://www.arthritis.org/living-with-arthritis/pain-management/understanding/types-of-pain.php
62. Differential Diagnosis: Nociceptive and Neuropathic Pain. Bruce Nelson, MD, 1 June 2006.
63. The University of Wisconsin Ebling Library: http://projects.hsl.wisc.edu/GME/PainManagement/session2.4.html
64. AJMC: http://www.ajmc.com/journals/supplement/2006/2006-06-vol12-n9suppl/jun06-2326ps256-s262/
65. US Food and Drug Administration. http://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm095673.htm
66. US Consumer Healthcare Products Association: http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/drugs-procedures-devices/over-the-counter/pain-relievers-understanding-your-otc-options.html
67. WebMD http://www.webmd.com/drug-medication/otc-pain-relief-10/pain-relievers-nsaids
68. Cochrane Jun 2015: http://www.cochrane.org/CD007402/SYMPT_topical-non-steroidal-anti-inflammatory-drugs-acute-musculoskeletal-pain-adults
69. American College of Gastroenterology: http://www.rheumatology.org/I-Am-A/Patient-Caregiver/Treatments/NSAIDs
70. Cleveland Clinic http://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs_devices_supplements/hic_Non-Steroidal_Anti-Inflammatory_Medicines_NSAIDs
71. Nadler SF, Weingand K, Kruse RJ. The physiologic basis and clinical applications of cryotherapy and thermotherapy for the pain practitioner. Pain Physician. 2004;7:395–9.
72. American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons: http://www.foothealthfacts.org/footankleinfo/inflammation.htm
73. About Inflammation. 2016. About Inflammation. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.webmd.com/arthritis/about-inflammation
74. NHS UK: http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/fitness/Pages/Whybeactive.aspx
75. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: http://www.cdc.gov/physicalactivity/basics/pa-health/
76. Emanuela Ricciotti, PhD and Garret A. FitzGerald, MD. (2011). Prostaglandins and Inflammation. Available: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3081099/.
77. Benedicte de Saint-Lager, Voltaren Core Data Sheet (Gel/Aerosol) 2016
78. Keep moving. Available: https://www.voltarol.co.uk/keep-moving
79. Sheffield NHS. Date not specified. Keep on moving: tips on exercise. Available: http://www.sheffieldbackpain.com/assets/info%20leaflets/Keep%20on%20moving.pdf.
80. NHS Choices, Back Pain at Work, available: http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/workplacehealth/Pages/backpainatwork.aspx
81. Peter F. Ullrich, Jr., MD, Orthopedic Surgeon (retired). (N/A). Stretching for Back Pain Relief. Available: http://www.spine-health.com/wellness/exercise/stretching-back-pain-relief.
82. Thomas E. Hyde, DC, DACBSP, CKTP, FRCCSS (Hon) . (N/A). Swimming and back pain . Available: http://www.spine-health.com/conditions/sports-and-spine-injuries/swimming-and-back-pain.
83. Yang EJ, Park WB, Shin HI, Lim JY. (2010). The effect of back school integrated with core strengthening in patients with chronic low-back pain
84. Nick Sinfield. (2015). Lower Back Pain Exercises. Available: http://www.nhs.uk/Livewell/Backpain/Pages/low-back-pain-exercises.aspx.
85. NIH U.S. National Library of Medicine. Available at: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/imagepages/19506.htm
86. Arthritis Foundation National Office: http://www.arthritis.org/about-arthritis/where-it-hurts/knee-pain/knee-anatomy.php
87. NIH U.S. National Library of Medicine: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003025.htm
88. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/neck-pain/basics/definition/con-20028772
89. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases: http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Shoulder_Problems/shoulder_problems_ff.asp
90. Mayo Foundation for Medical Research and Education: http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/wrist-pain/basics/definition/con-20031860
91. NIH U.S. National Library of Medicine: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/wristinjuriesanddisorders.html#summary
92. NIH National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. What are bursitis and tendonitis? Available at: http://www.niams.nih.gov/health_info/bursitis/bursitis_ff.asp#b
93. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases: http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Sports_Injuries/sports_injuries_ff.asp
94. U.S. National Library of Medicine: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/sprainsandstrains.html
95. American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00327
96. US National Library of Medicine: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/painrelievers.html
97. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteoarthritis/basics/treatment/con-20014749
98. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases http://www.niams.nih.gov/health_info/back_pain/
99. Sports injuries - NHS Choices. 2016. Sports injuries - NHS Choices. [ONLINE] Available at: http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Sports-injuries/Pages/Introduction.aspx
100. U.S. National Library of Medicine: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/004012.htm
101. U.S. National Library of Medicine: https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/004015.htm
102. Arthritis Foundation National Office: http://www.arthritis.org/about-arthritis/where-it-hurts/knee-pain/causes/knee-injury.php
103. Eming SA, et al. Inflammation in Wound Repair: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms. J Invest Dermatol. 2007;127:514–25.
104. PIL Voltaren Emulgel
Lapointe BM et al. Lengthening contraction-induced inflammation is linked to secondary damage but devoid of neutrophil invasion. J Appl Physiol 2002;92:1995–2004.
GSK data on file, Rios-Martinez S – Substantiation of the Healing Claim for Topical Voltaren®: Scientific evidence for healing properties of topical Voltaren® in the treatment of pain, 2015.
McGuire L et al. Pain and Wound Healing in Surgical Patients. Ann Behav Med 2006;31:165–72.